What to Expect From the iPhone 8
apple iphone 2017 number one to the user of iPhone on April 15 2020 At a Glance The iPhone 8 and 8 Plus contain glass bodies that make wireless charging faster A11 processors upgraded cameras and True Tone displays. Launched on 22 September 2017.
its Features
4.7 and 5.5-inch LCD
Faster A11 processor
Glass body
Upgraded camera
Louder speakers
Wireless inductive charging
Round upscored 04/2020 important points last Changes Yes No Subscribe for regular MacRumors news and future of iPhone 8 information that.iPhone 8 will stop and changes with iPhone SE
Apple in April 2020 produces a new low-cost iPhone, the 2020 iPhone 8, as changed by the iPhone SE. brihabs the name of the iPhone SE features the same design as the iPhone 8 but with good internals that contains the same A13 chip as the iPhone 11 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max.
The iPhone SE is priced starting at $399 and with one time Apple has discontinued the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus. To know about the iPhone SE to review our iPhone SE roundup.
Features and space iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus
Contents
iPhone 8 stoped and channged with iPhone SE iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus Specs and Features Repair ProgramsHow to BuyDesignNew (PRODUCT)RED EditionWater ResistanceTouch IDDisplayTrue ToneA11 Bionic ProcessorRAM Inductive Wireless ChargingCameras iPhone 8 Plus - Dual CamerasVideoFaceTime CameraBattery LifeFast ChargingAugmented RealityOther FeaturesSpeakersLTEWi-FiBluetooth NFC andiPhone 8 Timeline
the first of 12 September 2017 the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus represented a good step forward for the iPhone throw Apple CEO Tim Cook. The two devices accepted for everything we love it about iPhone with overhauled internals and external design but the changes produced were not as dramatic a s the changes made in the iPhone X started together with the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus.
The iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus made from a little bit of the iPhone X add to a little bit of the previous-generation iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. The general design is the same as previous-generation devices but the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus added glass bodies inside a matching aluminum frame. but the iPhone X has not like this
target="_blank">the iPhone 8 continued to contain a Touch ID Home button and thick bezels at the up and down of the display.
available in three colors Presently Silver Space Gray and Gold the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus featured the most solid glass ever in a smartphone in acover steel and aluminum structure that is IP67 water and dust resistant. The stereo speaker made in the device was set up to be 25 percent louder with deeper bass.
The iPhone 8 contains a 4.7-inch display but theiPhone 8 Plus features a bigger 5.5-inch display.
Both displays were set up with True Tone support designed to be color temperature and intensity to the around light in a room for a more natural like paper viewing experience. 3D Touch and P3 wide color design for a bigger range of colors continue to be available.
Apple invented glass for the body of the iPhone 8 target="_blank"> added tothe iPhone 8 Plus to made Qi-based connect charging wireless feature that makes the two devices to be charged when put up any Qi-certified inductive charger.
The circuit of the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus contains a six-core A11 Bionic chip, which Apple always said was the excellent, most powerful chip ever produced in a smartphone. Two cores are present 25 percent faster than the A10 Fusion chip which there is in the iPhone 7 and four efficiency cores are 70 percent faster.
performance controller in a second-generation, all six cores can be used for many improved speeds at the same time when dealing with multi-threaded workloads. There's an Apple made3-core GPU that's present 30 percent faster than the past generation GPU and two of the cores, the Neural Engine, make the machine understand tasks faster than ever before.
the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus both of the other features contain cameras with good sensors that make 83 percent more light into the wide-angle camera compared to the past generation. There's also an upgraded image signal processor invented in the A11 that made good low light performance contain speedier autofocus, and there are new pixel processing techniques for sharpness pixel texture.
Apple also invented hardware contain multi-band noise reduction, a new color filter for less noise and deep pixels, good color saturation, and a wider dynamic range of color.
The iPhone 8 Plus offers a dual-lens camera made with both an f/2.8 telephoto lens and an f/1.8 wide-angle lens, both of them be upgraded sensors. Optical image stabilization is available for the iPhone 8 and the wide-angle lens in the iPhone 8 Plus.
the iPhone 8 Plus is limited with apple's Portrait Mode, a dual-lens camera system that has been invented with a Portrait Lighting effect to dynamically replace the lighting in an image to mimic studio lighting techniques.
With the image signal processor that upgraded and an Apple-designed video encoder that makes faster video frame rates and real-time image and motion, analysis is available, video capture on the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus is good than ever. 4K video at 60 frames per second is provided, as is 1080p slow-motion video.
the iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus is designed with AR in mind. The cameras are made for AR, there's an updated gyroscope and accelerometer to be more accurate motion tracking available, and the A11 Bionic offers world tracking and scenes but the GPU makes realistic graphics and the image signal processor made real-time lighting estimation. iOS 11 produced hundreds of new AR apps designed using ARKit, all of which were experienced on iPhone 8 and 8 Plus.
The iPhone 8 was changed by the iPhone XS Max, iPhone XS, and iPhone XR in September of 2018. Apple is now selling the iPhone 8 at a low starting price of $599 and the iPhone 8 Plus starting at $699
Repair Programs
Apple in August 2018 produced a logic board repair program for the iPhone 8 which are free for iPhone 8 models that are affected by a problem that can make restarts, freezing, and unresponsive devices.
a very small percentage of Apple iPhone 8 devices have logic boards with a manufacturing problem that are eligible for a free repair. The repair program applies only to the iPhone 8but the iPhone 8 Plus or other iPhone can't apply.
customers should see their serial numbers on Apple's website to know eligible for a repair. Customers who have an iPhone 8 affected by a faulty logic board need to connect to Apple support or visit an Apple retail store to get it fixed.
How to Buy
The iPhone 8 and the iPhone 8 Plus can buy online Apple Store or in Apple retail stores around the world. Carrier stores and big-box retailers like Target and Best Buy also present the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus in the United States.
Pricing for the iPhone 8 begin at $599 for the 64 GB model while pricing for the iPhone 8 Plus begins at $699 for the 64 GB model.
iPhone Overview Guide
If you want to know how all of the IPhones in Apple's current lineup comparing, make sure to review our iPhone guide, which has there on each iPhone along with buying suggestions.
Design
From the front the iPhone 8 and therefore, therefore, the iPhone 8 Plus looks just like the iPhone 7 and the iPhone 7 Plus, continuing to supply equivalent 4.7 and 5.5-inch display sizes with thick bezels at the highest and bottom of the device.
At the highest of the device, there is a cutout for the front-facing camera, speaker, and accompanying sensors, and at rock bottom of the device, there continues to be a capacitive wich in solid-state Home button that uses the Taptic Engine like as a button press. Touch ID is made into the house button.
The iPhone 8 and therefore, therefore, the iPhone 8 Plus might look tons just like the iPhone 7 and the iPhone 7 Plus, but the glass body may be a major distinguishing feature. consistent with Apple, the front and back glass is that the most durable it's ever made. the 2 devices are available Silver, Space Gray, and a replacement shade of Gold that's a touch bit rosier than the normal gold shades.
Apple used a seven-layer ink process to feature color to the glass, giving the iPhone 8 and eight Plus an upscale depth of color. An oleophobic coating ensures that smudges and fingerprints wipe off easily.
The glass shell and display are held together by a chrome steel internal frame and an aerospace-grade 7000 Series aluminum band that matches the color of every iPhone for a seamless look. Small, nearly invisible antenna lines traverse the aluminum frame to make a sure adequate signal.
Though the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus use durable glass wrapped around a chrome steel internal frame, glass breaks when dropped on the bottom, and therefore the two devices have proven to be highly breakable when subjected to drop tests, even from heights as low because of the waist.
On the left side of the iPhone 8 and eight Plus, there is a mute switch and volume buttons, and therefore the right side houses the sleep/wake button. At rock bottom, there is a Lightning port and speaker holes. just like the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, the 2 new devices haven't any headphone jack and need Lightning headphones or Bluetooth headphones.
Size-wise, the iPhone 8 and therefore the iPhone 8 Plus are even slightly larger than the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. In usage, the dimension difference is small that it won't really be noticeable, but it's there.
The iPhone 8 has 138.4 mm tall and 67.3 mm wide, and it's 7.3 mm thick. but the iPhone 7 is 138.8 mm tall, 67.1 mm wide, and 7.1 mm thick.
The iPhone 8 Plus has 158.4 mm tall by 78.1 mm wide and it's 7.5 mm thick. but the iPhone 7 Plus is 158.2 mm tall, 77.9 mm wide, and 7.3 mm thick.
in back of the iPhone 8 continues to feature a single-lens camera, while the iPhone 8 Plus features a wider dual-lens rear camera bigger during a horizontal orientation.
The new version of RED Edition
Apple in April made anew version of the RED iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus, featuring a bright red glass-backed shell and a black front panel. Apple in 2017 made anew version of the RED iPhone 7 and 7 Plus models, but those devices had a white front panel, therefore the new iPhone 8 may be a different
Apple's new version iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus became available for customers in April both online and in retail stores.
Water Resistance
Like the previous-generation i Phones , the iPhone 8 and therefore the iPhone 8 Plus is water and mud resistant. An IP 67 dust/water resistance rating means the 2 devices are entirely dust proof and ready to withstand 1 meter of water (3.3 feet) for up to half-hour.
While the iPhone 8 and 8 Plus can resist splashes, rain, and water exposure, but intentional water exposure should be careful. Apple must be careful from water and mud resistance aren't always conditions and will reduce as a result of normal wear, plus Apple's warranty doesn't cover any quite water damage to an iOS device.
Touch ID
While the iPhone X which is being to be sold beside the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus features no Home button and addition to no Touch ID, the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus both have Touch ID functionality, making them a superb choice for patrons not able to hand over fingerprint-based authentication in favor of the new face recognition function within the iPhone X.
The Touch ID within the two devices may be a second-generation Touch ID that's super fast and accurate. Touch ID is employed as a bio metric identification method for unlocking the iPhone, confirming iTunes purchases, opening pass code-protected apps, and confirming Apple Pay payments.
Display
The iPhone 8 features a 4.7-inch display with a resolution of 1334 and 750 provided with 326 pixels for inch and a 1400:1 contrast ratio, while the iPhone 8 Plus features a 5.5-inch display with 1920 and 1080 resolution provided with 401 pixels for inch, and a 1300:1 contrast ratio.
Both devices offer support for P 3 wide color for rich, true-to-life colors and 625 c d /m 2 max brightness, just like the previous-generation iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.
True Tone
New within the iPhone 8 and eight Plus is that the True Tone feature that was first introduced within the iPad Pro. True Tone uses the ambient light sensor to detect the lighting during a room, adjusting the color temperature and intensity to match the sunshine for a more natural viewing experience.
True Tone is meant to form the iPhone's display appear more paper-like when reading for more comfort and fewer eyestrain.
A11 Bionic Processor
Apple says the A 11 Bionic processor within the iPhone 8 and eight Plus is that the most powerful and smartest chip that's ever been introduced during a smartphone. It features a six-core CPU with two high-performance cores and 4 high-efficiency cores.
The two A 11 cores are 25 percent faster than the A 10 contribute the iPhone 7, while the four high-efficiency cores are 70 percent faster.
The A 11 chip includes a replacement Apple-designed three-core CPU that's 30 percent faster than the GPU within the A 10 chip, introducing much-improved graphics performance. There's also an embedded M 11 Motion co processor that captures motion-based data from the compass, a ccelero meter, and gyroscope to power fitness capabilities augmented reality experiences, and more, without significant power drain.
Two of the efficiency cores structure the Neural Engine, designed to process machine learning tasks.
RAM
There's 2 GB of RAM within the 4.7-inch iPhone 8 and 3 GB of RAM within the 5.5-inch iPhone 8 Plus. The iPhone 8 Plus has more RAM to support the dual-lens camera and therefore the Portrait Mode features.
Inductive Wireless Charging
The glass bodies of the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus enable inductive wireless charging feature, which is now Apple's iOS device lineup. Apple has adopted the Qi open wireless charging standard that's built into many Android devices, therefore the iPhone 8 and eight Plus can charge wirelessly using any Q i-certified charging accessory.
Q i charging is inductive, which suggests the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus must be placed on a charging mat or similar accessory to be ready to charge. While physical contact is required, the wireless charging feature works in most cases.
As of iOS 11.2, the iPhone X, iPhone 8, and iPhone 8 Plus support faster 7.5 W wireless charging using compatible third-party wireless chargers. Not all wireless chargers support 7.5 W, so it is best to form sure wattage is listed before making a sale.
In our testing, which compared several wired and wireless charging methods, wireless charging is analogous to charging with the quality 5 W iPhone charger, but it's slower than other charging methods, like charging with the 12 W iPad adapter and USB-C fast charging.
7.5 W wireless charging is quicker than 5 W wireless charging in some cases using supported 7.5 W chargers, but there are tons of things that influence the speed of wireless charging therefore the difference isn't evident. Wireless charging is convenient and best suited to overnight charging and situations where you do not immediately need an infusion of power.
Because the Q i standard has been available for several years, there are many wireless charging accessories already available for purchase, plus companies like Belkin and Mophie have made chargers specifically for Apple devices. we have a fanatical roundup reviewing quite a dozen of the wireless chargers currently on the market, and it's worth finding out if you're buying a wireless charger for iPhone 8.
Q i charging functionality is additionally available in cafes, restaurants, coffee shops, airports, and other locations around the world, and now that Apple has adopted the quality, Q i charging locations are seeing a more rapid roll out. Q i-based chargers also are available in many more recent vehicles, and Apple has released a support document outlining vehicles with compatible chargers. Most should work, but there are often size constraints with the larger iPhone 8 Plus.
Cameras
The iPhone 8 features a more advanced 12-megapixel wide-angle f/1.8 camera with a bigger, faster sensor that allows 83 percent more light. Other features include a replacement color filter and deeper pixels for better color saturation, a wider dynamic range of color, and lower noise in photos and videos.
A new Apple-designed image signal processor introduces faster auto focus in low light, new pixel processing techniques for sharpness and texture, and hardware-enabled multi-band noise reduction. The image signal processor also detects people, motion, and lighting conditions during a scene to optimize photos before they're taken.
Optical image stabilization also helps improve photos in low light and when capturing video.
There's a quad-LED True Tone Flash with a Slow Sync feature that mixes a slow shutter speed with a strobe pulse for a brighter foreground subject and properly exposed background in low lighting conditions. The flash also offers more uniform illumination for better performance all around.
iPhone 8 Plus - Dual Cameras
The iPhone 8 Plus features a dual-lens camera arrangement with an equivalent upgraded wide-angle camera that's within the iPhone 8 paired with an f/2.8 telephoto camera that permits Portrait Mode for the sharp foregrounds and artfully blurred backgrounds normally only possible with a DSLR.
With improvements within the iPhone 8 Plus, there's sharper detail, more natural background blurring, better performance in low light, and flash support.
New to Portrait Mode within the iPhone 8 Plus maybe a new Portrait Lighting feature that allows you to add studio-quality lighting effects to your images. To enable Portrait Lighting, the 2 cameras create a depth map of a picture, using machine learning techniques to mark the presence of a face and the way the sunshine during a scene interacts with the face.
Using that info, the iPhone 8 Plus can manipulate the lighting as you're taking a photograph using real-time analysis. Lighting also can be changed within the Photos app after a photograph has been taken.
Portrait Lighting effects include Natural Light, Studio Light (lights up your face), Contour Light (adds dramatic shadows), Stage Light (spotlights your face against a dark background), and Stage Light Mono (Stage Light, but in black and white).
Video
Apple says the iPhone 8 and eight Plus support the very best quality video capture ever. alongside the image signal processor that reduces noise and allows auto focus to figure more quickly in low light, there's also a replacement Apple-designed video encoder that permits faster video frame rates and real-time image and motion analysis which will predict changes in content to optimize video encoding algorithms.
4K video is out there at 24, 30, or 60 frames per second, as is 1080 p video at 30 or 60 fps.
Slo-mo video support for 1080 p at either 120 or 240 fps is additionally supported.
FaceTime Camera
At the front of the iPhone 8 and eight Plus, there is a 7-megapixel f/2.2 aperture Face Time H D camera for selfies and Face Time conversations. The camera includes wide color capture, auto image stabilization, 1080 p H D video, and Retina Flash that uses the display.
Battery Life
The iPhone 8 features a 1,821 m Ah battery, while the iPhone 8 Plus features a 2,675 m ah battery. That's smaller than the 1,960 m Ah and a couple of,900 m Ah batteries found within the iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus, but there's no difference in battery life thanks to other optimizations.
The iPhone 8 offers up to 14 hours spent in talk time 12 hours of internet use 13 hours spend in video playback and 40 hours spend in audio playback.
The iPhone 8 Plus offers up to 21 hours spent in talk time 13 hours spent on internet use 14 hours spent in video playback and 60 hours spent in audio playback.
The iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X use a "different performance management system" than older i Phones, which suggests any performance management features could also be less noticeable on these devices.
The three devices use a more advanced hardware and software design that's better ready to estimate power needs and battery performance, so, within the future, they made not need equivalent processor-throttling performance management features implemented in older i Phones.
Fast Charging
The iPhone 8 and eight Plus are "fast-charge capable," meaning they will be charged to 50 percent battery life in half-hour. Fast charging requires the iPhone 8 to be plugged into Apple's 29 W, 61 W, or 87 W USB-C Power Adapters, which are sold alongside its USB-C Mac Book and Mac Book Pro models.
A USB-C to Lightning cable is additionally required to travel alongside the USB-C Power Adapter, and therefore the minimum price for those accessories is $74.
Augmented Reality
The iPhone 8 and eight Plus are designed with augmented reality apps in games in mind, with the A 11 Bionic chip handling world tracking and scenes while the GPU renders realistic graphics. a replacement image signal processor handles real-time lighting estimation, the cameras are calibrated for augmented reality with 4 K 60 fps support and improved low light capabilities, while a replacement gyroscope and accelero meter enable more accurate motion tracking.
All of those new features are designed to support the wealth of augmented reality apps built with Apple's AR Kit and introduced in iOS 11. iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus deliver an unparalleled augmented reality experience and AR Kit makes the iPhone and therefore the iPad the most important AR platform within the world.
Other Features
Speakers
Redesigned stereo speakers are up to 25 percent louder than the speakers within the iPhone 7 and have deeper bass. There are two speakers within the device, one at the highest and one at rock bottom.
L T E
The iPhone 8 and therefore the iPhone 8 Plus support L TE Advanced for data transfer accelerates to 600 Mb/s. There are quite 20 L TE bands available, which makes the 2 devices more likely to be ready to work with networks in other countries when traveling.
As with the previous-generation iPhone 7 and therefore the iPhone 7 Plus, Apple is using both Intel and Qualcomm chips, several of which aren't compatible with the CD MA networks of Verizon and Sprint within us.
T-Mobile and AT&T iPhone 8 models aren't compatible with Verizon and Sprint because they only work with GSM networks. Verizon and Sprint iPhone 8 models. support both GSM and CDMA networks and are compatible with T-Mobile and AT&T.
Models A 1863 and A 1864 support GSM and CD MA and are designed for Sprint/Verizon, while Models A 1905 and A 1897 don't support CD MA networks.
Verizon and Sprint devices appear to use Qualcomm's X 16 Snapdragon gigabit-class modem, while AT&T and T-Mobile use Intel's MXM 7480 modem. Both modems feature performance improvements and have likely been selected thanks to their improvements to power efficiency, allowing Apple to chop down on battery size while maintaining equivalent battery life.
Qualcomm's X 16 modem brings 4 x carrier aggregation with a complete bandwidth of up to 80 MHz and gigabit-level peak theoretical speeds, while the Intel MXM 7480 offers a peak theoretical speed of 600 Mb/s and 4 x carrier aggregation with two channels limited to 10 MHz for overall bandwidth of 60 MHz.
Ookla LTE speed tests conducted on a variety of iPhone 8 and eight Plus models within us and a couple of other countries have demonstrated modest LTE speed improvements compared to previous-generation devices. Improvements appear to be around the 10 percent mark for many users, but up there are speed improvements up to 25 percent in Australia thanks to a special network structure utilized in the country.
Wi-Fi
The iPhone 8 and eight Plus support 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac W i-F i with M IMO. The technology is that the same because of the Wi-Fi technology within the iPhone 7 and seven Plus, with connection speeds which will reach a theoretical maximum of 866 Mb/s.
Bluetooth, NFC, and GPS
Support for the new Bluetooth 5.0 standard is made into the iPhone 8 and eight Plus. Bluetooth 5.0 offers fourfold the range, twice the speed, and eight times the printed message capacity compared to the previous Bluetooth 4.2 standard.
In addition to the worldwide Positioning System operated by the U.S. government, the iPhone 8 and eight Plus adds support for Galileo, Europe's Global Satellite Navigation System, and QZSS, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System utilized in Japan.
Galileo's support within the new iPhones allows users to profit from more precise positioning that's ready to combine GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo signals. Galileo, says the agency, features a modern signal structure that's ready to help users better maintain their position fix when navigating through cities worldwide.
As for NFC, there is a new NFC chip with reader mode support that lets the iPhone 8 and eight Plus read NFC tags installed in places like retail stores, museums, and more
iPhone 8 Time line April 2020 Apr 15 iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus Discontinued September 2019 Sep 4 Apple's First New Low-Cost iPhone Since the iPhone SE Expected to Launch Early Next Year April 2019 Apr 17 Apple Reportedly Plans to Launch Revised 4.7-inch iPhone 8 in March 2020 to spice up Share of Mid-Tier Smartphone Market February 2019 Feb 14 Apple to Sell Modified iPhone 7 and iPhone 8 in Germany to Skirt Sales Ban December 2018 Dec 20 Apple to prevent Selling iPhone 7 and iPhone 8 Models in Germany While Appealing Broader Sales Ban [Updated]November 2018 Nov 2 Apple Now Selling Refurbished iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus Models October 2018 Oct 31 iOS 12.1 Extends Battery-Related Performance Management Feature to iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X Oct 22 Apple Identifies Issue With Gas Buddy App Causing Some iPhones to Become Unresponsive [Updated]Oct 22 K u o: iPhone XR Pre-Order Demand Over First Weekend Exceeded That of iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus Oct 12 How to Enter DFU Mode on iPhone 8, iPhone X, iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, and iPhone XR When Recovery Mode Doesn't Work August 2018 Aug 31 Apple Launches iPhone 8 Logic Board Repair Program Aug 7 Logitech Unveils 'POWERED' Wireless Charging represent iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X, Designed together With Apple July 2018 Jul 24 iOS Grew U.S. Market Share This Spring because of 'Unprecedented Depth' of Price Options as Android 'Felt the Heat 'June 2018 Jun 21 Gurman: Apple Aims to Release Air Power By September May 2018 May 22 Legrand Launches Wall-Mounted, Qi-Certified Wireless Charger Compatible With Latest iPhones April 2018 Apr 13 Hands-On With the New (PRODUCT)RED iPhone 8 Plus and iPhone X Leather Folio Apr 13(PRODUCT)RED iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus Now Available for In-Store Pickup at Apple Retail Stores Apr 11 Unauthorized iPhone 8, 8 Plus and X Display Replacements Can Break Ambient Light Sensor Apr 11(PRODUCT)RED iPhone 8 Plus Gets First Unboxing and Hands-on Video Apr 10 Apple Shares (RED) iPhone 8 Ad on YouTube Mac Rumors attracts a broad audience of both consumers and professionals curious about the newest technologies and products. We also boast a lively community focused on purchasing decisions and technical aspects of the iPhone, iPod, iPad, and Mac platforms